SPV, Simplified Payment Verification
This definition comes from the technical glossary.
Definition
A method for verifying if particular transactions are included in a block without downloading the entire block. The method is used by some lightweight Bitcoin clients.
Synonyms
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    SPV 
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    Simplified Payment Verification 
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    Lightweight client 
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    Thin client 
Links
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    SPV — Developer Guide 
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    Thin client security — Bitcoin Wiki 
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    What is a thin client? — Bitcoin StackExchange